Super-phylum/clade/species | Name of Gsx ortholog | Gsx expression domains | References |
---|---|---|---|
Cnidaria | Â | Â | Â |
 Acropora millepora | Cnox-2Am | Planula larva  Ectodermal cells along the oral/aboral body axis (rare in oral region) | [8] |
 Nematostella vectensis | Anthox2 | Planula larva  Posterior endoderm, i.e., prospective oral end  Developing mesenteries (ectoderm), Late planula larva  Columnar ectodermal cells in tentacle buds  Oral ectoderm | [9] |
 Clytia hemisphaerica | Gsx Ch | Planula and embryos  Endodermal cells in oral and aboral region | [10] |
 Podocoryne carnea | Gsx | Planula  Anterior and posterior endoderm | [11] |
Lophotrochozoa | Â | Â | Â |
 Gastropoda   Gibbula varia | Gva-Gsx | Trochophore  Bilateral pair of 4-5 cells in dorso-median episphere (anlagen of cerebral ganglia?)  Pair of each three sensory cells in apical organ  Cells around stomodeum Pre-torsional veliger  Two apical tuft cells and sensory cup cells of apical organ  Cells around mouth opening  Ventral portion of nascent digestive gland Post-torsional competent veliger  Ventral portion of digestive gland  Cells around mouth opening  Cells at ventral border of the yolk-filled cells  Cells in cerebral ganglia anlagen  Cells in foregut close to radula anlage Postlarval development  Posterior radula sac | [12] |
 Scaphopoda   Antalis entalis | Aen-Gsx | Early-stage trochophore  2 cells each in the lateral episphere on both sides  1 cell each lateral to the anus on both sides Mid-stage trochophore  1 pair of cells in the apical organ and another pair lateral to latter  1 cell each lateral to the anus on both sides  1 cell each in posterolateral mantle on both sides Late-stage trochophore  Several cells in the region of the cerebral and pedal ganglia and ventral foot Metamorphic competent trochophore  Several cells in the region of the cerebral and pedal ganglia, the ventral foot, and the captacula Postmetamorphic individual  Several cells in the region of the cerebral and pedal ganglia, the ventral foot, and the captacula | Present study |
 Cephalopoda   Idiosepius notoides | Ino-Gsx | Stage 19–20  Cerebral, optic, and palliovisceral ganglia Stage 23  Cerebral, optic, and palliovisceral ganglia Stage 25  Inferior frontal lobes, precommissural lobes, anterior and posterior basal lobes, inferior buccal lobes, Stage 26  Inferior frontal lobes, precommissural lobes, anterior and posterior basal lobes, inferior buccal lobes, peduncle lobes, and optic lobes Stages 27–30  Region around eyes | Present study |
Annelida | Â | Â | Â |
 Platynereis dumerilii | Pdu-Gsx | Trochophore  Few cells in apical hemisphere in apical organ and cerebral ganglia  Cells of ventral plate during differentiation of trunk CNS  Two bilateral clusters of cells close to stomodeum Setiger larva  Cells in midgut and posterior foregut | [13] |
 Nereis virens | Nvi-Gsh | Trochophore  Bilateral cell clusters in dorso-median episphere  Multiple bilaterally expression domains in dorsolateral episphere that persist during later larval development  Stomodeum Early juveniles  Large cells at dorsal part of head at position of adult eyes  No expression in older juveniles | [14] |
 Capitella teleta | CapI-Gsx | Embryo (stages 5-8)  Small domain of anterior CNS | [15] |
Ecdysozoa | Â | Â | Â |
 Arthropoda |  |  |  |
  Drosophila melanogaster | ind (intermediate neuroblasts defective) |  Intermediate column cells of developing CNS  In intermediate ectodermal domain of antennal segment  Dorsal ectodermal region of the ocular region | |
  Tribolium castaneum | Tc-ind |  Intermediate column cells of developing CNS | [18] |
Deuterostomia | Â | Â | Â |
 Echinodermata   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus | Sp-Gsx | Gastrula and subsequent larval stage  Two bilateral neuroectodermal domains | [19] |
 Patiria miniata | Pm-Gsx |  Provided as maternal message with no zygotic activation in subsequent developmental stages | [20] |
 Hemichordata   Ptychodera flava | PfGsx | Gastrula  Cells around blastopore of gastrula (disappear in tornaria larva) | [7] |
Chordata | Â | Â | Â |
 Branchiostoma floridae | AmphiGsx | Anterior CNS | |
 Ciona intestinalis | Ci-gsx | Anterior CNS | [23] |
 Mus musculus | Gsh-1, Gsh-2 | Gsh-1  CNS (neural tube, hindbrain, mesencephalon, diencephalon) Gsh-2  CNS (forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain) | |
 Danio rerio | Gsh-1 | Gsh-1  Early embryo  In hindbrain rhombomeres late embryo  In mesencephalon, diencephalon, and intermediate spinal cord | [27] |
 Oryzias latipes | Ol-Gsh 1 | Gsh 1  Neuroectoderm (spinal cord, dorsal rhombencephalon, optic tectum, dorsal diencephalon, hypothalamus, rostral telencephalon) | [28] |
 Xenopus tropicalis | Gsh-1, Gsh-2 | Gsh-1 and Gsh-2  Anterior neural plate/CNS | [29] |