Table 1 Bud development stages based on morphological markers, means (and ranges, in parentheses, for mid- and late stages) of bud diameter for each stage across species, and estimates of duration (in days) spent in each stage

Early

A

Sepals initiated

0.20^a

0.17^a

0.17^a

ND

B

Petals initiated; sepal trichomes initiated

0.27^a

0.27^a

0.28^a

0.06

C

Stamens initiated

0.39^a

0.36^a

0.37^a

0.07

D

Gynoecium initiated; petal trichomes initiated

0.62^a

0.60^a

0.60^a

0.08

E

Stamen filament/anther distinguished; corolla tube apparent

0.72^a

0.69^a

0.83^a

0.07

F

Gynoecium fused; style elongation started

1.05^a

0.86^a

0.91^a

0.11

Mid

G

Anther thecae distinguished; petal trichomes mature

2.93^a (1.3–4.0)

2.65^a (0.9–4.8)

2.98^a (1.0–5.5)

1.46

Late

H

Petals outgrow sepals

4.50^a (4.0–4.8)

5.38^b (5.0–5.7)

7.97^c (5.5–10.0)

1.27

I

Sepals open fully

5.10^a (4.8–5.4)

6.79^b (5.9–7.5)

11.22^c (10.0–12.0)

0.59

J¹

Petals open (anthesis); nectar secretion started in Jaltomata

5.00^a

7.16^b

12.13^c

0.36

Early

A

Sepals initiated

0.21^a

0.04

0.20^a

0.18^a

B

Petals initiated; sepal trichomes initiated

0.29^a

ND

0.24^a

0.26^a

C

Stamens initiated

0.42^a

0.08

0.42^a

0.39^a

D

Gynoecium initiated; petal trichomes initiated

0.64^a

0.05

0.59^a

0.53^a

E

Stamen filament/anther distinguished; corolla tube apparent

0.81^a

0.11

0.86^a

0.69^a

F

Gynoecium fused; style elongation started

1.02^a

0.07

0.91^a

0.80^a

Mid

G

Anther thecae distinguished; petal trichomes mature

2.51^ab (1.0–5.5)

1.65^bc (1.0–2.3)

0.96^c (0.7–1.2)

Late

H

Petals outgrow sepals

6.29^d (5.5–7.0)

2.81^e (2.3–3.3)

2.77^e (2.4–3.0)

I

Sepals open fully

10.96^c (7.0–15.5)

3.18^d (3.1–3.6)

3.12^d (3.0–3.3)

J¹

Petals open (anthesis); nectar secretion started in Jaltomata

15.30^d

3.44^e

2.75^f