Fig. 1

Phylogenetic placement and genomic architecture of the 29 N. vectensis opsins. A Simplified cnidarian phylogeny adapted from [91]. The range of known opsins found in a single species in each group is indicated on the phylogeny (from literature review). N. vectensis is in Actiniaria, Hexacorallia, in the Anthozoa (in blue) and has 29 opsins, the most so far identified of any anthozoan. B, C Light blue corresponds to ASO-I, purple to ASO-II, and green to cnidopsins. B N. vectensis chromosomes with opsin loci are shown. Nearly all N. vectensis opsins segregate on chromosomes by clade. Numbers below each chromosome are length in megabases, ( +) indicates recent tandem duplicates with highly similar sequences. Arrowheads indicate direction the gene is found in the genome. C Maximum likelihood tree of 708 opsins, with major animal opsin clades labeled (Tetraopsins include RGR/Go opsins/Group 4 opsins). Cnidarian-specific clades are colored and in bold. IQtree branch support is defined by ultrafast bootstraps (Ufboot) and likelihood ratio test (SH-aLRT). The number of N. vectensis opsins in each clade is listed (blue numbers). D Conservation of intron structure in the cnidops/xenops clade. A representative xenopsin from the oyster Crassostrea gigas shares an intron/exon boundary with all other xenopsins investigated [29] and several N. vectensis cnidopsins. Red box shows intron/exon boundary mapped on to amino acid alignment. Gray bars represent aligned sequence, black lines are gaps in the alignment