Fig. 2

Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences for echinoderm cadherins utilizing maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining methods. Both analyses were conducted on various cadherin sequences from echinoderm, non-echinoderm deuterostome, and protostome species using MEGA11 software. Clades and their respective orthologous sequences are labeled and color-coded. Two EGFLAM sequences from Mus musculus and Crassostrea gigas are included as an outgroup for both analyses. Full species and protein names for each taxon and their respective GenBank accession number(s) and amino acid sequences are listed in Additional file 1. A. A maximum likelihood analysis was performed using the WAG + F + G substitution model with 500 bootstrap replicates utilizing amino acid sites with ≥ 95% coverage across all taxa. B. A neighbor-joining analysis was performed using the p-distance substitution model with 5000 bootstrap replicates with pairwise deletion of amino acid sites