Genomic insights into Wnt signaling in an early diverging metazoan, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

Table 2 Wnt/β-catenin pathway evolution

	Eukaryote^a	Mnemiopsis	Amphimedon	Trichoplax	Nematostella	Drosophila	Homo
Wnt (total)^b	-^c	+ (4)	+ (3)	+ (3)	+ (14)	+ (7)	+ (20)
Frizzled	+^d	+	+	+	+	+	+
LRP5/6^e	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Dishevelled	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
β-catenin	*^f	+	+	+	+	+	+
Axin	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
APC^g	-	*	*	+	+	+	+
GSK-3^h	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
CK1ⁱ	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
TCF/LEF^jk	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
Groucho	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
Sfrp^l	-	+	+	-	+	+	+
DKK^m	-	-	+ⁿ	-	+	-	+
WIF^o	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
CER^p	-	-	-	-	-	-	+

^aRefers to non-metazoan eukaryotes. Frizzled (including EAL71080), β-catenin (AAG17931), CK1 (AAD01192) and GSK-3 (P51136) are present in Dictyostelium. LRP5 is reported from Aspergillus (CAK47340). Other taxa include genome scans of Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora), Amphimedon queenslandica (Porifera), Trichoplax adhaerens (Placozoa), Nematostella vectensis (Cnidaria) and the bilaterians Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens.
^bNumbers represent total number of Wnt genes, other rows present presence, absence or partial matches.
^cPlus sign indicates absence.
^dMinus sign indicates presence
^eLRP = lipoprotein receptor-related protein
^fAsterisk represents partial match.
^gAPC = adenomatous polyposis coli
^hGSK-3 = glycogen synthase kinase 3
ⁱCK1 = casein kinase 1
^jTCF = T-cell-specific transcription factor
^kLEF = lymphoid enhancer binding factor
^lSfrp = Secreted Frizzled-related
^mDKK = Dickkopf
ⁿDKK has been reported in Oscarella carmela (EB741373) but not in Amphimedon queenslandica.
^oWIF = Wnt inhibitory factor
^pCER = Cerberus

ISSN: 2041-9139