Cleavage pattern and fate map of the mesentoblast, 4d, in the gastropod Crepidula: a hallmark of spiralian development

Table 1 Examples of varied germ layer contributions from the 4d lineage

Phylum/species	Ectoderm	Mesoderm	Endoderm	Primordial germ cells
Annelida
Bdellodrilus philadelphicus	-	+	-	+
[64]	-	+	-	+
Capitella teleta	+	+	-	+
[13, 65, 66]	+	+	-	+
Helobdella robusta	+	+	+	+
[16–18, 67–71]	+	+	+	+
Nereis	-	+	-	N.A.
[58]	-	+	-	N.A.
Platynereis dumerilii	-	+	-	+
[72–74]	-	+	-	+
Tubifex	-	+	+	+
[18, 19, 75]	-	+	+	+
Mollusca
Crepidula fornicata	+?	+	+	+
[22–24] and here	+?	+	+	+
Ilyanassa obsoleta	-	+	+	NA
[21, 59, 76]	-	+	+	NA
Sphaerium striatinum	-	+	-	+
[52, 53, 77, 78]	-	+	-	+
Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus	-	+	+	NA
[27]	-	+	+	NA
Platyheminthes
Hoploplana inquilina	-	+	+	NA
[12, 79]

NA: not ascertained; ?: uncertain. References pertain to the studies from which this information was obtained.

ISSN: 2041-9139