Figure 3
From: Cap’n’collar differentiates the mandible from the maxilla in the beetle Tribolium castaneum
Tc-cncRNAiresults in transformation of the mandible into maxillary identity. Mandible (arrowhead), maxillary palp (arrow) and maxillary ventral branch (star) are indicated on cuticle preparations of wild-type and Tc-cncRNATribolium first instar larvae. (A) Cuticle preparations of gnathal appendages visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The maxillary appendages have a palp with four segments (white arrows) attached to a protopodite with the maxillary endites (lacinia and galea) that, in first instar larvae, are fused to form the ventral branch (star). (B) Cuticle preparation of a first instar Tribolium larva. (C) Cuticle preparation of the larval gnathal appendages of a wild-type Tribolium larva visualized by DIC microscopy. (D) Cuticle preparation of the gnathal appendages of a Tc-cncRNAi larva. Knockdown of Tc-cnc results in transformation of the mandibular appendages into maxillary appendages (arrowheads). The ventral branch is visible on the transformed appendages (white stars). The maxillary appendage is indicated with arrows (palp) and black stars (ventral branch). (E) Cuticle preparation of wild-type Tribolium larva visualized by confocal microscopy. The mandibular appendage is highlighted in blue; the maxillary appendage is highlighted in green. (F) Cuticle preparation of a Tc-cncRNAi larva visualized by confocal microscopy. The transformed mandibular appendage is highlighted in blue and clearly resembles the maxillary appendage (highlighted in green).