Developmental coupling of larval and adult stages in a complex life cycle: insights from limb regeneration in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Table 2 Summary of the knockdown effects observed in this study

Appendage	Gene	No ablation			Ablation
Appendage	Gene	Maternal RNAi	Larval RNAi		Larval RNAi
		Larva	Larva	Pupa/adult	Larva
Leg	Dll	Loss of distal leg segments	Loss of tissue identity and regression	Loss of tissue identity and regression	Bump formation and no outgrowths
	dac	Partial fusion of femur and tibiotarsus	No effect	Loss of distal femur and tibia and fusion of proximal tarsomeres	Partial fusion of femur and tibiotarsus
	ab	Slightly compressed but segment number is unaffected	No effect	Partial loss of tarsomeres	Small bump formation and no outgrowths
	ss	No effect	No effect	Fusion of tarsomeres	No effect
Antenna	Dll	Loss of distal antennal segments	Loss of tissue identity	Partial transformation into a leg	Bump formation and no outgrowths
	dac	No effect	No effect	Partial loss of antennal segments	No effect
	ab	Slightly compressed, but segment number is unaffected	No effect	Partial loss of antennal segments	No outgrowths in some larvae; others no effect
	ss	Partial transformation into a leg	No effect	Partial transformation into a leg	Partial transformation into a leg

The leg and antennal phenotypes observed after maternal RNA interference (RNAi) or larval RNAi of ab, dac, Dll and ss expression with and without ablation are summarized. Dll, Distal-less; dac, dachshund; ab, abrupt; ss, spineless.

ISSN: 2041-9139