Figure 3From: Toll signals regulate dorsal–ventral patterning and anterior–posterior placement of the embryo in the hemipteran Rhodnius prolixusToll and Bone Morphogenetic Protein pathway genes are dynamically expressed throughout embryonic development. Normalized mRNA levels for (A,F) Rp-Toll, (C,G) Rp-dl, (D) Rp-dpp, and (E) Rp-sog in vitellogenic ovaries (vitelo), embryonic stages (stages 1 to 4, 0 to 48 hours), or unfertilized eggs (F,G). Differences in gene expression throughout embryonic development were significant for all genes between preblastoderm (0 to 12 hours) and gastrulation stages (18 to 30 hours) (one-way analysis of variance, p <0.05). (B) Toll protein levels vary throughout Rhodnius development. (F,G) Differences in mRNA levels for (F) Rp-Toll and (G) Rp-dl in fertilized (fert) versus unfertilized (non fert) 0- to 6-hour or 18- to 24-hour eggs were significant: **p <0.01, ***p <0.001 by paired t-test. Use of appropriate reference genes was defined as in Additional file1. Dm, D. melanogaster; Rp, R. prolixus.Back to article page