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Table 1 Overview of the cytochalasin treatment experiments on Mnemiopsis leidyi embryos

From: A cleavage clock regulates features of lineage-specific differentiation in the development of a basal branching metazoan, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

Developmental stage

Treatment

Observation

Conclusion

8-cell stage

Cytokinesis arrested with cytochalasin B

50% have combs

All combs that were formed were labeled

16-cell stage

75% have combs

32-cell stage

83% have combs

8-cell stage

Cytokinesis arrested with cytochalasin B, labeling of all four E blastomeres

62% (8/13) have combs that are labeled

38% (5/13) did not form combs

16-cell stage

Cytokinesis arrested with cytochalasin B at 16-cell stage, labeling of all four E blastomeres at the 8-cell stage

95/128 (74%) formed combs that are labeled

99% of embryos that formed combs were labeled, E cell lineage forms combs

32/128 (25%) did not form combs

1/128 (0.8%) formed combs that are not labeled

16-cell stage

Cytokinesis arrested with cytochalasin B at the 16-cell stage, labeling of all e1 micromeres at the 16-cell stage

27/36 (75%) formed combs that are labeled

100% of embryos that formed combs were labeled, e1 cells form combs

9/36 (25%) did not form combs

16-cell stage

Cytokinesis arrested with cytochalasin B at the 16-cell stage, labeling of all 1E macromeres at the 16-cell stage

No labeled combs

Only e1 cells at 16-cell stage form combs and E1 cells do not form combs

8-cell stage

Cytokinesis arrested with cytochalasin B at the 8-cell stage, labeling of all M blastomeres

19/27 (70%) formed combs that are not labeled

95% of the embryos formed combs that were not labeled and combs do not arise from M lineage cells

7/27 (26%) did not form combs

1/27 (4%) formed combs that are labeled

8-cell stage and 16-cell stage

Cytokinesis arrested with cytochalasin B at the 8-cell stage or 16-cell stage, all E blastomeres were labeled

Unlabeled cells have photoprotein

M cells can make photoprotein even when they are cell-cycle arrested