Fig. 5

Lateral developmental trajectories are species-specific. Lateral morphospace is predominantly described by degree of facial outgrowth, particularly the pre-orbital region, and commensurate changes in craniofacial slope (PC1) as well as the relative proportions of the pre-orbital region and neurocranium, again with commensurate changes in craniofacial slope (PC2). Differences in shape were analyzed either a–d within a single day or e–g, i–k through ontogeny. Colors, symbols, and ellipses are as described in Fig. 3. Note that the plot is the same in (e–g, i–k), but with a different species highlighted. h, l Variation in lateral shape described by PC1 through ontogeny, depicted as deformation grids using thin-plate splines