Table 1 Invertebrates that swim by undulating the entire body or its posterior region

Ctenophora (escape response of adult Venus’ girdle)

[2]

Platyhelminthes (cercaria larvae of trematodes)

[3]

Chaetognatha (adults of planktonic species)

[4]

Nematoda (adults of some species)

[5]

Nematomorpha (only in Nectonema spp.)

[6]

Arthropods (mayfly larvae)

[7]

Annelida (adults)

 Polychaetes (in a few species)

[8]

 Oligochaetes (in a few species)

[9]

 Leeches (in numerous species)

[10]

Hemichordata (known only for adults of one species)

[11]

Chordata

 Cephalochordata (larval and adult amphioxus)

[12]

 Tunicata (ascidian larvae, appendicularian adults)

[13]