Fig. 1

Eye ontogeny in E. carcharodonta. While male eyes undergo massive growth and differentiation during juvenile development (a–d), female eyes remain largely the same (e–h), Both male and female early juveniles have small stalked eyespots (a, e). Males and females retain these eyespots through adult stages (arrows in a–d), but males develop a secondary ommatidial field beginning at stage IV (b). Ommatidia are added in a distal to proximal direction (orange arrows in b and c) during stages IV and V. A developing ommatidium is marked with an arrowhead in b By adulthood, male eyes have over 30 ommatidia (d), while female eyes maintain their juvenile eyespot state (h). All images are scaled, scale bar in a is 50 μm