Fig. 1

Developmental expression of ApGLNT1 mRNA in the pea aphid. a–f Germaria and stage 1 oocyte (a), stage 7 (b) and stage 13 (c–f) embryos of the asexual pea aphid were hybridized with ApGLNT1 antisense riboprobes, and the transcripts were visualized with a color substrate NBT/BCIP. c and d are the same sample but at different focal planes. e and f are the insets of c and d, respectively. The anterior of germaria is to the left. The head (hd) of germband is indicated in the posterior of the egg chamber to the right. The arrow indicates the antisense riboprobe-positive signal in the central syncytium (cs) and arrowheads indicate signals in the follicle cells in the periphery of egg chamber. g–j Maternal bacteriome dissected from 24–48-h-old nymphs (g, h) and adult (i, j) hybridized with antisense and sense riboprobes. The expression of ApGLNT1 is indicated with closed arrowheads located in the sheath cells. The open arrowheads in the sense group indicate the regions where ApGLNT1 expression was detected when tissues were probed with anti-sense probes. k Illustration displaying presented bacteriocytes and developmental stages of embryos used for whole-mount in situ hybridization. Scale bars: 20 μm. b endosymbiotic bacteria Buchnera, bc bacteriocyte, cs central syncytium, gc germ cells, gm germarium, hd head, n bacteriocyte nucleus, st stage