Fig. 4From: Developmental basis of phenotypic integration in two Lake Malawi cichlidsShape and size differences in the dorsal and ventral aspects of the neurocranium between CA, DC and F1 hybrids. a Camera Lucida drawing of CA neurocranium indicating landmarks used for measurements of neurocranial length (b) and width (c). b, c Mean and distribution of CA (n = 15), DC (n = 12) and F1 (n = 16) neurocranial length (b) and width (c). d–f Dissected, alizarin red-/alcian blue-stained neurocrania of CA (d), DC (e) and F1 (f) specimens in dorsal view. Scale bar 5 mm. g–i Individual neurocranial bones labeled on Camera Lucida drawings of CA (g), DC (h) and F1 (i). j–l Dissected, alizarin red-/alcian blue-stained heads of CA (j), DC (k) and F1 (l) specimens in ventral view. Scale bar 5 mm. m–o Individual neurocranial bones labeled on Camera Lucida drawings of CA (m), DC (n) and F1 (o). ***p < 0.001, Tukey’s HSD test. Bone nomenclature after [64]. BO basioccipital, EC ethmoid cartilage, EO epiotic, EOC exoccipital, FR frontal, LE lateral ethmoid, ME mesethmoid, PA parietal, PO pterotic, PRO prootic, PS parasphenoid, SO sphenotic, SOC supraoccipital, VO vomerBack to article page