Heterochronic developmental shifts underlie floral diversity within Jaltomata (Solanaceae)

Table 4 Relative growth rates for focal floral organs and features for the examined species, measured against bud diameter, for early and mid + late stages

	J. darcyana		J. sinuosa		J. calliantha		J. dendroidea		J. umbellata		S. pimpinellifolium
	Early (n = 48)	Mid + late (n = 41)	Early (n = 35)	Mid + late (n = 41)	Early (n = 21)	Mid + late (n = 44)	Early (n = 33)	Mid + late (n = 49)	Early (n = 35)	Mid + late (n = 58)	Early (n = 50)	Mid + late (n = 56)
Sepal length	0.857	0.788	1.039	0.923	1.281**	1.023*	0.973^	0.880^	1.024	1.329**	2.050***	0.377**
Corolla depth	0.766	0.982	0.842	1.124	0.964	1.164	0.737^	1.339*^	1.043**	2.742***	1.597***	1.376**
Corolla fusion	0.110	0.769	0.090	1.195*	0.105	1.330**	0.034*	1.274**	0.164	2.861***	0.437***	0.798
Petal length	0.845	1.056	0.858	1.323*	0.951	1.262*	0.678^	1.360*	1.019	2.694***	1.696***	1.323*
Lobe length	0.753	0.690	0.766	0.759	0.866	0.493*	0.601^	0.767^^^	0.892	0.843	1.365***	1.043**
Stamen length	0.457	0.774	0.505	1.028*	0.521	1.044*	0.459	0.848^^	0.605	2.532***	1.259***	1.306**
Ovary diameter	0.432	0.445	ND	0.459	0.460	0.728***	0.410	0.477^^^	0.362	0.487	ND	0.298*
Style length	0.000	0.737	0.000	1.433*	0.000	1.189*	0.000	1.616**^^	0.000	3.440***	0.000	1.899**

Measurements were log-transformed prior to analysis. Significant differences against J. darcyana (ancestral rotate) indicated by * (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0001); significant differences between J. calliantha and J. dendroidea (convergent campanulate) indicated by ^ (^ p < 0.05; ^^ p < 0.001; ^^^ p < 0.0001). ND, not determined, as sample sizes were too small

ISSN: 2041-9139