Fig. 5

Detailed expression and functional characteristics of complex genes. a Shown are the detailed gene numbers of each category classified based on gene complexity grades (5 grades for gene length of the five species) and 3 grades of gene expression width (WE, widely expressed; SS, stage-specific and Other). The gene numbers of key categories are shown in red. b The percentages of protein-coding genes (PCGs) of each complexity grade in each age degree category were calculated and divided by the expected percentage. Heat map showing the fold enrichment values obtained from this division. The expected percentage was the percentage of PCGs of each complexity grade in the genome of each species, represented as ‘bg (%)’ in the right region of the panel. The symbols representing over-/under-representation strength are the same as those in Fig. 2. c Venn diagrams of the significantly over-represented GO terms (biological processes, BPs) for the four categories of interest. d Functional characteristics of the four categories of interest. The extent of over- and under-representation is shown by 14 grades (− 7 to 7; see “Methods” for details). The significantly over-represented BP terms of the two main classes for mouse, WE and SS, are separated by the solid green line. Other dashed lines separate the significantly over-represented BP terms of sub-classes