Fig. 4

Expression patterns (mean ± SE) of wing-patterning genes, quantified by real-time qRT-PCR; a apterous (ap), b decapentaplegic (dpp), c vestigial (vg), d Sex-combs reduced (Scr), e extradenticle (exd). Different letters on bars indicate significant differences (Turkey’s test, P < 0.05). vg is boxed to highlight it since it showed the most drastic patterns of stage-specific significant differences that were similar between the two species examined here. The number of samples was n = 5 for all the samples of Z. nevadensis, and n = 3 (PE, A) and n = 7 (NE, NL) for H. sjostedti