Fig. 3
From: Phloem wedges in Malpighiaceae: origin, structure, diversification, and systematic relevance
The external appearance of stems with xylem furrowed by phloem wedges. A, B Heteropterys cordifolia. A Thick stem of H. cordifolia holding onto adjacent trees and its own younger branches. B Cross-section of H. cordifolia stem showing the match of stem depressions with a phloem wedge (arrows). C–E Mascagnia sepium. C Phloem wedges can be detected morphologically since they generate concavities visible in the stem surface (arrow). D Phloem wedges match with the leaves in the stem (arrow showing leaf scar), and progress in a spiral fashion. E Coincidence of a stem depression with the development of a phloem wedge (arrow)