Fig. 1

Phylogeny of hexapod homeodomain proteins. a Phylogeny of all ANTP class homeodomain proteins obtained from 16 hexapod species, and rooted with non-ANTP class homeodomain proteins (grey) as an outgroup. Clear monophyletic clades for Zen and Ftz were not identified, with query homologs and putative E. danica sequences for Zen sorting individually (asterisks denote approximate location). b–e Mayfly “genus_protein” tip labels are colored as follows: H. limbata (green), E. danica (red), C. dipterum (blue). b Subtree depicting the monophyletic groups for Dfd, Scr, Antp, Ubx, and Abd-A. Putative mayfly Hox sequences sort into each monophyletic clade. Note that the series of unsupported branches (not colored) bear some known Ftz homologs, including E. danica Ftz, and may represent an unsupported Ftz clade. c–e Subtrees for the Lab, Pb, and Abd-B monophyletic groups, respectively. In each, putative Hox sequences for all three mayfly species examined are present. For all trees, Monophyletic Hox protein clades are highlighted as follows: Lab (green), Pb (orange), Dfd (sky blue), Scr (red), Antp (purple), Ubx (blue), Abd-A (yellow), Abd-B (pink). All nodes with UltraFast Boostrap values less than 95 and SH-aLRT values less than 80 were collapsed into polytomies