Figure 2

Genetic divergence in determination of nymphalid eyespot organizers. (A) Localization of Antp (green), N (yellow) and Dll (red) in larval wing discs of representatives of the subfamily Satyrinae. Shown are sections of adult wings and the corresponding sections of larval wing discs at late stages of development, when tracheae are extended into vein lacunae (visible here as black lines). N and Dll are initially expressed in non-organizer areas (both in the intervein stripes, and Dll also along the wing margin), their expression in eyespot organizing centres occurs after extension of the trachea into the lacunae (except in the basal satyrine C. memnon). (B) Expression of N and Dll in subfamily Nymphalinae resembles that in Satyrinae, but Antp is absent from eyespot organizers at all stages of larval wing development. In both panels, numbers of individuals used for gene expression analysis in larval wings are shown on adult wing image. (C) Phylogenetic relationship among butterflies examined in this study, following [45].