Fig. 15
From: Developmental basis of phenotypic integration in two Lake Malawi cichlids
Effects of ossification mode on phenotypic integration and of endochondral growth zone shape and proliferative activity on adult morphology. a A simple module-specific change at the cartilage stage of skeletal development results in phenotypically integrated morphological modifications in all three derived cartilage bones. b A simple module-specific change at the condensation stage of skeletal development results in a spatially restricted morphological modification within the derived dermal bone. c Hypothetical effects of growth zone shape on QA morphology. d Hypothetical effects of differential proliferative activities within the QA endochondral growth zone on adult morphology. Growth zone represented as gray area. Arrow direction indicates growth direction; arrow thickness indicates proliferative activity at growth zone. QA quadrate