Fig. 1
From: Insights into how development and life-history dynamics shape the evolution of venom
The convergent evolution for the separation of venom composition in animals. Lineages with known venomous taxa are depicted in blue. Boxes on branches highlight the evolution of venomous lineages that exhibit venom heterogeneity among morphological (spatial) and cellular structures, life history (temporal), and sexes (intersexual). The spatial separation of venom is predicted according to Table 2 provided in Schendel et al. [10], given evidence of animals that have a morphologically complex venom apparatus and putative multifunctional toxins profiles