Fig. 4

Injection of fluorescent protein mRNA for cell-lineage tracing in L. stagnalis embryos. Standard setup for microinjection (a), schematic diagram of the experiment showing an injection to one cell at the two-cell stage (b), and fluorescent images of embryos where half of the cells are expressing DsRed-Express at the 8-cell (c, right panel) and blastula (d, right panel) stages; bright-field images (c and d, left panel) are also included. The exposure time for the fluorescence image capture was 4 s (c) or 2 s (d). Scale bar 100 μm. For other types of experiments, embryos after microinjection were cultured in a capillary tube. 4e shows a juvenile snail (encircled) cultured inside a capillary. b–d are